Which term is an exception to the application of a zoning ordinance to permit an otherwise prohibited use within the zone?

• A. Special exception
• B. Variance
• C. Hardship variance
• D. Use variance

Answer: (C)

A variance is an exception that allows a deviation from the strict application of a zoning ordinance when enforcing it would deprive a property owner of reasonable use due to unique circumstances. Within variances, a hardship variance specifically addresses those unusual circumstances by permitting a use that would otherwise be prohibited if strict compliance would cause undue hardship and the change would not adversely affect public welfare or the neighborhood. The idea is that the zoning rule isn’t absolute; when applying it would create a genuine hardship, the board can grant relief. Other terms describe different mechanisms—special exceptions (conditions on a permitted use) and use variances (permission for a use not allowed in the zone)—but the hardship variance is the type of exception focused on addressing hardship and permitting a use that would otherwise be disallowed.